He invented tin mordanting in scarlet dyeing (extraction of the dye from the scale insect cochineal), used by his son-in-law Abraham Kuffler in his dye works, and encouraged the establishment of sulfuric acid factories in England (in Ward). More recently it has been suggested that the contemporary accounts of the craft contained significant elements of exaggeration and it was at most a semi-submersible which was able to travel down the Thames by the force of the current. This submarine was tested many times in the Thames, but couldn’t attract enough enthusiasm from the Admiralty and was never used in combat. Drebbel even took James in this submarine on a test dive beneath the Thames, making James I the first monarch to travel underwater. The submarine stayed submerged for three hours and could travel from Westminster to Greenwich and back, cruising at a depth between 4 to 5 metres. This model was demonstrated to King James I in person and several thousand Londoners. The final model had 6 oars and could carry 16 passengers. Between 16 Drebbel successfully built and tested two more submarines, each one bigger than the last. Using William Bourne’s design from 1578, he manufactured a steerable submarine with a leather-covered wooden frame. A Steerable SubmarineĬornelis Drebbel built the first navigable submarine in 1620 while working for the English Royal Navy. The recipe for “colour Kufflerianus” was kept a family secret, and the new bright red colour was very popular in Europe.

One was set up in 1643 in Bow, London, and the resulting colour was called bow dye. Although Cornelis did not make much money from his work, his daughters Anna and Catharina and his sons-in-law Abraham and Johannes Sibertus Kuffler set up a very successful dye works. The story goes that, while making a coloured liquid for a thermometer Cornelis dropped a flask of aqua regia on a tin window sill, and discovered that stannous chloride makes the colour of carmine much brighter and more durable.

He knew that when saltpeter is heated, a gas is released. Partington, alkali lye to absorb carbon dioxide, but according to Claus Priesner, this does not explain the necessary oxygen supply). Even though, Drebbel was released one year later and went back to London where he faced financial difficulties because his patron prince Henry had also died. According to Robert Boyle, he recognized that air contains a quintessence necessary for breathing and presented a liquid in a bottle to replace used air (according to J. Unfortunately, Drebbel was imprisoned after Rudolf II was stripped of all effective power. In the 1610s, Drebbel and his family moved to Prague on invitation of Emperor Rudolf II where he was preoccupied with the arts, alchemy and occult sciences. He ground lenses and one of his microscopes was bought by Constantijn Huygens. He introduced or popularized scientific instruments such as thermometer, telescope and microscope in England and used the thermometer in chemical experiments. a perpetual motion machine actually developed by Jakob de Graeff Dircksz and Pieter Jansz Hooft (but deriving its energy from changes in air temperature and pressure).devices for the production of rain, lightning, thunder and cold, about which, however, nothing is known in detail.an incubator for chicks working on this principle,.a thermostat for a self-regulating oven,.Drebbel became famous for his inventions, some of which were unusual. He was attached to the court of young Renaissance crown-prince Henry and astonished the court with his inventions and optical instruments. Drebbel worked there at the masques, that were performed by and for the court.

Around 1604 the Drebbel family moved to England. Drebbel learned lens grinding and optics, with the construction of a magic lantern and a camera obscura. He met there with Hans Lippershey, spectacle maker and constructor of telescopes, and his colleague Zacharias Jansen. In 1600, Drebbel was in Middelburg where he built a fountain at the Noorderpoort. Cornelis Drebbel (1572-1633) Optical Instruments

Who made first submarine